Industrial Cluster: Data Shows The Gap Between Cotton Management And Output In 2024

First, let's take a look at the theoretical yield measurement?

0.01 mu is taken for each sampling point, and one broadcast is suitable for the actual sampling point. First, measure a broadcasting distance, and calculate the sample point length (m)=0.01 mu (6.67 square meters)/broadcasting width. Namely, measure the width of the space between two films in the cotton field at random. Generally 4.4-4.7 meters. According to the actual measurement, the broadcasting distance is 4.56m (4.56m for general standard broadcasting), the area is 0.01 mu, and the length of two membranes is 1.46m=6.67/4.56. Investigate the number of plants, effective bolls and calculated yield within 1.46 meters (0.01 mu) of two membrane lengths.

　 According to the following formula:

Yield of seed cotton per mu (kg/mu)=harvest density (plant/mu) × average number of bolls per plant (number/plant) × single boll weight (g)/(1000) × yield measurement correction coefficient (90%).

The yield measurement correction coefficient is that the waste rate of cotton picker during harvest is more than 10%.

In the end, most of the time, the estimated output is more than 500 kg, while the estimated output is more than 500 kg or even more than 600 kg, but the actual output is more than 300, 400, or even more than 200. Why are there so many mistakes? Where has my cotton yield gone?

1、 Density problem

Many cotton fields look beautiful, and the boll rate per plant is high. However, such cotton fields are often not dense. If the site is not carefully selected and the ground is uneven, the data will have great changes and deviations, and the error will be large.

2、 Maturity problem

Although early maturing cotton has little potential for yield increase, it has certain advantages against adverse weather in recent years. The single boll weight of normal boll opening cotton is completely different from that of premature senescence or green and late maturing cotton.

The growth of cotton was affected by the low temperature in the early part of this year. Although the temperature conditions in the middle period were suitable, cotton peach was OK, but the internal cottonseed, fiber maturity and plumpness were invisible to the naked eye. Apart from the influence of soil quality, climate, water and fertilizer, early maturing cotton has a short growth cycle, concentrated dry matter accumulation, and relatively stable single boll weight.

3、 Defoliant spraying and weather impact

Although the daytime temperature is good in August and September, the night temperature is low, which cannot reach the temperature required for normal cotton growth at night, affecting the absorption of nutrients by cotton.

Due to the low night temperature and the nutrients formed by photosynthesis during the day, the absorption and utilization rate of cotton plants is not high, and many cotton bolls are not rich in nutrients. That is to say, the weight of a single boll can not be reached from the flowering and boll stage. When there are peaches, the weight of the boll is not enough.

Early or late application of defoliant will affect the single boll weight of cotton. In the middle and late September of this year, the weather was abnormal, the temperature was too high, the defoliant and ethephon were absorbed too quickly, which made the cotton bolls and leaves dehydrate too quickly, and some cotton bolls dried early, which was also an important factor causing yield reduction in some cotton fields.

The other extreme is that the water supply is too late, and the cotton defoliation and boll opening are delayed. Some defoliants of more than 300 grams are used for two or three times, and ethephon is also used. The cotton peach is not opened, even if the cotton bolls are opened, it is not natural to open bolls. The cotton fiber is damaged, and the boll weight is lost greatly, which naturally affects the yield.

In addition, in terms of management, the problems of herbicide damage, economized amine chemical control, and water and fertilizer application in high temperature period will steal our cotton this year. For example, this year, closed herbicides have caused different degrees of damage to cotton terminal buds and epicotyls, and cotton seedlings are late growing and slow growing; Before topping, improper use of knuckles amine resulted in bud wrapping; In high temperature period, water control fertilizer caused a large number of shedding of middle bolls or top peaches.

IV. Waste of harvesting, especially waste of mechanized mining

1 Loss rate test method

Two films are randomly selected in the cotton field after machine picking, that is, one broadcast (generally 3.56m), and 1.46m long (two film lengths) is measured with a ruler, that is, 1% mu (6.667m2). All the cotton remaining in the manual sampling point: mainly the cotton falling on the ground, hanging on the cotton plant, and the cotton hull not picked clean. The weight of the picked cotton multiplied by 100 is the waste amount of one mu of land.

Count all cotton hulls in the sample point. Generally, there are 700-900 cotton hulls in the sample point. The number of cotton hulls multiplied by 100 is the number of bolls per mu. Another 100 cotton were picked manually, and the single boll weight was calculated. According to netizens, this year's single boll weight was not high, generally between 3.5-5.5g. Multiply the number of bolls per mu by the weight of a single boll to get the yield per mu.

The loss rate of machine picked seed cotton is the amount of waste divided by the per mu yield.

2. Mechanical mining loss

It is required that the loss rate of mechanical harvesting should be controlled below 5%, but this year, the lodging rate of some cotton fields is high, and the loss rate of mechanical harvesting is high, reaching more than 10% in some fields.

According to the measurement of waste of cotton harvesters in recent years, the rate of mechanical wave harvesting is generally 8-10%, which is a relatively clean level of mechanical harvesting. However, the cleanness of harvesting is often affected by the quality of defoliation, cotton moisture, the model of cotton harvester and the level of the operator of mechanical cotton harvesting. If the cleaner the machine picks, the more impurities on the harvested cotton will be, Generally, it is negatively correlated. It is generally believed that the waste less picking quality of Case 620, Case 630, Deer 7660 and CP690 cotton pickers is also good.

Due to variety, climate, management and other issues, some cotton fields in northern Xinjiang had serious lodging in the middle and late August this year, and some cotton fields did not have effective manual branches. Lodging of cotton depends on the application of defoliant. The effect of defoliant control is not discussed here, but lodging still exists during machine picking. As a result, when machine picking, the fallen cotton machine picking head cannot be divided, the picking quality is relatively high, and the waste is serious. The loss of seed cotton per mu is more than 30 kg.

3. There are many factors affecting the cotton picking rate

　　1). Machine picked varieties: suitable for machine picked varieties, the first fruit node should be more than 20 cm, that is, the height of bolls to the ground should be more than 20 cm, resistant to lodging, moderate boll opening, loose cotton without shell, and strong plant toughness.

　　2). Field management: the planting density is suitable, and the net collection rate of sparse planting is higher than that of dense planting. With proper water and fertilizer management, the cotton field with large cotton flowers and few small bolls has a high recovery rate. The cotton management is too short and the defoliation effect is not good, which affects the net harvest rate of mechanized harvesting. Uneven cotton fields, cotton plants lodging and too high cotton plants will affect the net harvest rate of machine picking.

　　3). Cotton picker: picking quality, picking speed is too fast, picking head is too high, cotton is too dry or picking spindles are loose, which also affect the net picking rate of machine picking.

V Business practices. Some businesses make false publicity, artificially expand publicity, and then adopt some bad practices in actual production measurement. Many people only take one or several peaches for example. In fact, one or two cotton plants cannot represent a large area of production; Another is to talk about things with the small area of experimental planting of the merchants themselves